Industrial Revolution DBQ
Click on each document/picture. You need to add to your FCQ chart which you will use to answer the essential question.
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"Over London by Rail": housing for the poor, ca. 1872. The advent of rail transportation exacerbated the housing problem which had been created by a massive influx of people into the city. The railroads and their infrastructures ate up much valuable urban land, especially in the areas inhabited by the poor.
"Over London by Rail," housing for the poor. IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 6 November 2015. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. |
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Women workers in a French paper mill, 18th century. Women were employed not in the actual process of making the paper, but in auxiliary processes such as finishing, shown here. One worker at left inspects sheets of finished paper, while another polishes them. A little girl at center folds the sheets. A woman counts the sheets into bundles of 25. The worker at right operates a screw press to hold the sheets flat. This is the Anglee mill, south of Paris. It was a large-scale, factory-like operation, with many workers and a division of labor. The company provided housing for the workers near the mill.
Women workers in a paper mill, 18th century. IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 6 November 2015. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. |
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An explosion in a coal mine, 1867. This was the scene at the Ferndale Colliery, in Glamorganshire, South Wales, after an explosion that killed 170 men and boys. The disaster was caused by "fire-damp," a mixture of methane and air that was encountered in deep shafts. Inadequate ventilation allowed the fire-damp to concentrate and explode. This hazard made explosions very common in mines.
An explosion in a coal mine, 1867. IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 6 November 2015. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. |
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The Railway Juggernaut of 1845. The success of England's Liverpool-Manchester railroad line led to the organization of many British railroad companies during the 1830s. Dividends were high, and the value of railroad stock rose rapidly. In 1844-1845 there was a second railroad boom as people frantically invested in the hundreds of new companies chartered by Parliament. That speculative bubble quickly burst, but nevertheless a vast amount of capital had been invested, and much railway construction did take place.
The Railway Juggernaut of 1845. IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 6 November 2015. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. |
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The dining hall of the Asylum or House of Refuge in Lambeth parish, Surrey, 1811. This institution, founded in 1758, was a sanctuary for "friendless and deserted girls." Here the orphaned daughters of soldiers, sailors, and other indigent persons were "carefully instructed in the principles of religion; reading, writing, needlework, and household business; They are trained to the habits of industry and regularity, by which means there is a supply of diligent and sober domestics for the use of that public, which, by its contributions, has so nobly acquired a right to their services."
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A "putter" or "trolley boy" dragging a car filled with coal through a tunnel in a Scottish mine about 1843. Child labor was used because of the narrow confines of the tunnel. The weight of the load varied from 200 to 650 pounds. The child was harnessed to the car by a chain linked to a leather belt worn around the waist.
Putter dragging a car filled with coal, 1843. IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 6 November 2015. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. |
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Emigrants on a ship, 1902. From about 1871 to 1900, twenty-five million Europeans left the Europe for North and South America. They came largely from rural areas, pushed out by the agricultural depression, and lured by the high-pressure tactics of steamship company agents. Many Jews were fleeing from religious persecution in Russia.
Emigrants on a ship, 1902. IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 6 November 2015. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. |
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Power-loom weaving, ca. 1833. The mechanization of weaving occurred far later than that of spinning. The first power loom was patented in England in 1786. The loom that emerged as being the most practical was this one, developed by Richard Roberts about 1820. The use of the power loom spread rapidly, and between 1813 and 1820 the number in use in Britain increased from 1,400 to over 14,000. At the time of this picture there were 85,000 power looms in Britain. Operating a power loom required little skill, and the job of weaver, once the preserve of men, began to be held by women. In 1835, about 28,000 adult women and 20,000 adult men worked at power-loom weaving in Britain. The women pictured here each tended four looms, and were assisted by a girl about 12 years of age. The overseer is a man.
Power-loom weaving. IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 6 November 2015. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. |
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An improved cast steel mold board plow. The growth of urban centers, and the establishment of industrial villages such as Pawtucket and Lowell, made it essential to improve American agriculture as well. Gentlemen farmers like Thomas Jefferson had been experimenting to develop more efficient plows since the Revolution. In 1813 and 1819, Jethro Wood filed patents for a cast-iron plow, and by 1820, farmers could purchase sturdy plows such as this one to turn over the soil more efficiently and increase yields.
An improved cast steel mold board plow. IRC, 2005 . Image. Discovery Education. Web. 6 November 2015. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. |
Now that you have finished your DBQ graphic organizer (FCQ Chart), see your teacher to answer any questions you had and work on your essay.